• Create positive samples (landslides) and negative samples as ring buffers around landslide polygons
  • Negative rings are created with a gap from the positive and a specified ring width
  • Both use the same event_date (no temporal offset)
• Remove overlapping portions from negative samples
  • Positives are buffered by gap_width before removal to match the ring creation approach
  • Only positives that occurred on or before the negative's time are considered
• Balance dataset geographically and by label
• Compute bounding box metrics and task geometries using per-geometry UTM/UPS CRS

Example (red = positive landslide samples, blue = negative no landslide samples):